Reporting emission data for Maintenance (B2) and Repair (B3) is possible in a select number of calculation tools. The reason for omitting these life-cycle stages to be reported in the majority of tools is due to no accurate methodologies existing to report these figures.
Including the option to report these life-cycle stages would result in these queries being left empty for the majority of assessments.
Exceptions to Reporting B2 and B3 data
Maintenance (B2) Emissions
Reporting Maintenance emissions in One Click LCA is possible with a select number of tools. The emissions are reported by manually filling in Maintenance data. Since it is rare that projects already possess maintenance data at the time of the assessment, maintenance is often not included in the assessments.
There are a number of different methodologies for calculating maintenance (B2) emissions.
The most important thing is to develop reasonable maintenance scenarios based on available data, such as:
Facilities management and maintenance strategy reports
Facade access and maintenance strategies
Life cycle cost reports
Operations and maintenance manuals
Professional guidance such as CIBSE Guide M and RICS NRM 3
If relevant carbon data is available in EPDs, it should be adjusted according to the project-specific maintenance scenario. For building services, the CIBSE TM65 method should be followed to estimate B2 impacts.
Alternatively, a default figure of 10 kgCO2e/m2 gross internal area (GIA) may be used to cover all building element categories, or 1% of modules A1– A5, whichever is greater. This is in accordance with the London Plan Guidance for Whole Life-Cycle Carbon Assessments (March 2022). Assessments outside of the UK may use these default figures, but a national equivalent should be used if available. The assessment should clearly state which source was used.
Manually reporting maintenance emissions includes the option to report:
The annual consumption of grid electricity used for maintenance
The annual consumption of water used for maintenance
The annual consumption of fuels used for maintenance
The annual replacement of parts as part of preventive or regular maintenance
Repair (B3) Emissions
Reporting Repair emissions in One Click LCA is possible with a select number of tools. These emissions are either recorded with a repair rate or pre-existing scenarios from official methodologies.
The goal is to capture the carbon impact of all activities related to repair processes, including the products used and waste generated over the asset's lifespan. This encompasses the carbon emissions from:
Producing the replacement parts
Transporting them to and from the site
Installing them
Disposing of the damaged parts
To develop accurate repair scenarios, refer to data from:
Facilities management/maintenance strategy reports
Facade access and maintenance strategies
Life cycle cost reports
Operations and maintenance manuals
Other professional guidance sources
If this data is unavailable, a default assumption can be used.
Reporting Repair Emissions in the UK
In the UK, this is 25% of B2 maintenance impacts for relevant items and 10% of A1-A3 impacts for MEP, as outlined in the CIBSE TM65 methodology. Assessments in other countries can use these figures, but it is recommended to use national equivalents if they exist, and the assessment should explicitly mention the source used.
Reporting Repair Emissions in Japan
If you are undertaking assessments in Japan you will find that your calculations often have a default B3 percentage. In Japan, the repair rates are dependent on the material type and have default values. If you would like to know more about this please check the CASBEE_LCCO2 calculation sheet (in Japanese).
Reporting B2 and B3 data in Infrastructure LCA
Our infrastructure tools that report on B2 and B3 use the same setup as above, however dependent on the tool allow also specifying materials included to the 'construction' materials tab directly as either Maintenance or Repair emissions.